systems club

[chris macrae]

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Table 1. Chronological Listing of a Sampling of Important Historical Contributions to Cybernetics and Systems Thinking
Year	General Systems Theory	The Systems Approach	Operations Research	System Dynamics	Organizational Learning	Total Quality Management	Cybernetics
1939-1949			Von Neumann,    Theory of Games			Shewhart    Statistical Method   Juran    Bureaucracy   Juran    Management of Inspection	McCulloch,    “A Logical Calculus”   Wiener    Cybernetics   Shannon    Mathematical Theory
1950-1959	Boulding    The Image	Churchman,    Operations Research	Luce,    Games and Decisions   Brown    Statistical Forecasting for Inventory Control		Simon    Models of Man	Juran    Case Studies   Feigenbaum    “The Challenge of TQ Control”	Wiener    Human Use of Human Beings   Turing  “Computing Machinery”   Ashby    Design for a Brain
1960-1969	Rapoport    Fights, Games and Debates   Duetsch    Nerves of Government   Buckley,    Modern Systems Research   Von Bertalanffy    General System Theory   Klir    Approach to GST	Churchman    Prediction and Optional Decision   Churchman    Systems Approach	Saaty    Elements of Queueing Theory   Ackoff,    Manager’s Guide to OR   Dantzig    Linear Programming   Machol    System Engineering Hdbk.   Boguslaw    The New Utopians   Raifa    Decision Analysis	Forrester    IndustrialDynamics   Forrester    Urban Dynamics	Schon    Technology and Change	Deming    Sample Design in Business Research   Juran    Managerial Breakthrough	Ashby    Introduction to Cybernetics   Von Foerster,    Principles of Self-Organization   McCulloch,    Embodiments of Mind   Beer    Decision and Control   Brown    Laws of Form
1970-1981	Howard    Paradoxes of Rationality   Jantsch    Design for Evolution   Weinberg    General Systems Thinking   Odum,    Energy Basis for Man and Nature   Miller    Living Systems   Boulding    Ecodynamics	Churchman    Design of Inquiring Systems   Ackoff    On Purposeful Systems   Checkland    Systems Thinking   Ackoff    Creating the Corporate Future	Box,    Time Series Analysis   Quade,    “History of Cost-effectiveness Analysis”   Christofides    “Optimum Traversal of a Graph”   Waddington    OR in WWII   Kleinrock    Queueing Systems   Shafer    Mathematical Theory of Evidence	Forrester    World Dynamics   Meadows,    The Limits of Growth   Meadows    Dynamics of Growth   Mesarovic    Mankind at the Turning Point   Goodman    Study Notes in System Dynamics	Allison    Essence of Decision   Argyris,    Theory in Practice   Argyris    “Single-Loop and Double-Loop Models”   Argyris, Organizational Learning   Schon “Organizational Learning”   Revans    Action Learning	Juran    Quality Planning and Analysis   Ishikawa    Guide to Quality Control   Crosby    Quality is Free   Schlesinger    Quality of Work Life and the Supervisor	Bateson    Steps to an Ecology of Mind   Beer    Brain of the Firm   Beer    Platform for Change   Conant,    Mechanisms of Intelligence   Von Foerster    Observing Systems
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